The words behind verifiable work.

A retrieval workflow that selects further searches or tools based on intermediate results.

Example

After finding a clause, the system looks for its amendment.

Limit

More steps do not guarantee completeness; permissions and stopping rules still matter.

A traceable record of sources, work steps and review decisions.

Example

A review note records the question, document versions, passages and open issues.

Limit

A log alone establishes neither tamper resistance nor regulatory compliance.

The limited number of tokens a model can consider in a processing step.

Example

Only selected contract passages fit into one model call.

Limit

A larger window replaces neither careful selection nor reliable interpretation.

A defined procedure returns the same result for identical inputs and settings.

Example

WALT: (EUR 229,200 × 4.5 yrs + EUR 110,400 × 3.0 yrs) / EUR 339,600 = 4.01 years.

Limit

Reproducibility does not confirm that the positions belong in the same total.

Python · decimal

Numerical representations that make similarities between texts computationally comparable.

Example

A question about notice is close to a termination clause.

Limit

Semantic proximity is not evidence of substantive agreement.

Information that supports a specific claim in the relevant context.

Example

Section 12 states a fixed lease end of 31 December 2030.

Limit

One supported passage does not prove a complete review of the collection.

Retrieval using modelled relationships between information; implementations differ.

Example

A lease, property and amendment are connected through documented relationships.

Limit

Wrong or missing relationships can distort retrieval.

Edge et al. · GraphRAG

A generated claim that is unfounded, invented or unsupported by the available context.

Example

An answer states 31 December 2032 as the lease end without a supporting passage.

Limit

Fluent language and source links do not rule this error out.

Combining lexical and vector retrieval signals.

Example

An exact property name and semantically similar clauses both influence retrieval.

Limit

Combining methods does not guarantee appropriate or complete results.

Retrieval based on words, character strings and their weighting.

Example

Searching for the exact name “Lindenhof” or “§12”.

Limit

Different terminology and spelling can prevent matches.

Selecting the next token from a variable set with a specified cumulative probability, often called top-p.

Example

At top-p 0.9, selection uses the smallest leading set reaching at least 90 percent probability.

Limit

This describes a sampling distribution, not 90 percent factual accuracy.

Holtzman et al. · Nucleus Sampling

Retrieval-Augmented Generation combines information retrieval with text generation.

Example

A system retrieves contract passages as context for an answer.

Limit

Retrieved context guarantees neither correctness nor completeness.

Lewis et al. · Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Re-evaluating and ordering candidates already retrieved.

Example

The notice passage moves ahead of a general contract section.

Limit

A high rank does not prove the content is correct.

The documents, questions and steps actually included in a review.

Example

Lease and amendment were compared; correspondence is missing.

Limit

“Not found” does not mean “does not exist”.

A traceable connection between a claim and its supporting passage.

Example

The notice claim links to lease v1, page 8, section 12.

Limit

The connection alone does not establish which agreement applies.

A source address: document, version, page or section.

Example

“Amendment v2, page 2” leads to the original text.

Limit

A working reference can still accompany an unsupported claim.

Retrieval based on proximity between numerical text representations.

Example

A termination section matches a question about notice.

Limit

Similar results may concern the wrong property or version.

A defined context of task, authorised material and access rights.

Example

The Lindenhof team searches only the approved property collection.

Limit

Actual access enforcement must be verified technically.